The diagnosis and treatment of tumors are an integral part of modern medicine. But what are the key concepts in veterinary oncology?

Important key terms in veterinary oncology

1. Determining the type of tumor

The most accurate description is obtained through examination of a tissue sample. Often, this is only possible after the complete surgical removal of the tumor. It is also possible to take a tissue sample from the tumor beforehand using a fine needle.

2. Determining the stage of the tumor

This is an extremely important step in treatment planning, yet it is often forgotten or not given enough attention. Why? Because it is extensive, involves all organ systems, and is therefore also costly.

This stage includes blood tests, X-rays and ultrasound examinations, urine tests, and, if necessary, additional CT or MRI scans.

Why is it necessary to determine the stage of the tumor? Because it helps clarify whether the tumor is local and well defined, or whether it has already spread to other organ systems. In cases of metastasis, treatment is more aggressive and often not as effective.

3. Antitumor treatment

Treatment can be divided into two categories: surgical and non-surgical.

During surgical treatment, both the tumor and the reactive lymph nodes are removed. An important concept in tumor surgery is obtaining clean margins, which is why the tumor is removed with a certain safety margin.

Non-surgical treatment includes the use of both physical methods (radiation) and chemical agents. At present, radiation therapy for pets is not available in Estonia.

However, Pärnu Small Animal Clinic does offer and perform chemotherapy for tumors.

Chemotherapy itself can be divided in many different ways and depends on the type and stage of the tumor. Single-agent or multi-agent chemotherapy may be used, as well as oral or intravenous chemotherapy, or a combination of all of the above.

In general, dogs tolerate chemotherapy very well, and we typically carry out interval treatment in 3-week cycles.

SUMMARY

When faced with a diagnosis that may seem frightening at first glance, there is no need to deny or fear the diagnosis and possible treatment. Many tumors are completely treatable with timely and expert care.

And those that respond poorly to treatment, we try to approach as chronic diseases, the course and progression of which can be kept under control.